Crack can follow the contours of the fillers, increasing the crack path length. On the other hand, in the case of filled elastomer, improvement of resistance to crack propagation is ascribed to the ability of the filler to deviate or arrest the crack. These cavities participate in the crack propagation which occurs by successive breaking of material ligaments around them. The high hydrostatic stress beyond the crack tip promotes the formation of cavities at the poles of the defects,. Postmortem analysis using electron microscopy showed the presence of defects like ZnO, carbon black agglomerates (CB aggl), and cavities in the crack vicinity,,. Hence, many studies characterized the material evolution in the vicinity of the crack tip during a crack growth during fatigue, ,, , or quasi-static solicitation. In some cases, crack propagation mostly dictates the durability of the material. Rupture is the consequence of the initiation and propagation of a crack or multiple cracks through the entire section of the material, for instance, during fatigue, , monotonic cycle or quasi-static, solicitation. Since 1950 s, many researchers extensively studied these properties in rubber materials. Unfortunately, all these defects are known to influence the rupture properties. Other defects can also be found like metallic oxides inclusions, micro-bubbles or voids. These fillers can form micron sized agglomerates (created by the agglomeration of nanometric sized filler aggregates) in the processed materials, in spite of the efforts made to avoid what is considered as defects or flaws. They contain reinforcing fillers such as carbon black (CB), silica nanoparticles, clay, talc or carbon nanotubes to improve their ultimate, fatigue and/or visco-elastic properties.

In these applications, these materials undergo static or dynamic strain solicitations which reduce their durability. Many applications such as tyres, sealants, and anti-vibration device uses elastomer based materials.

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